Les affinités entre les littératures européennes / Affinities among European Literatures
Abstract
The concept of affinity will be discussed as a concept likely to replace the outdated notion of influence, or the more recent, but no less problematic notion of reception, each of them implying the idea of a connection. The term affinity will break the vicious circle of direct or indirect contacts between literatures. This concept is different also from typological comparisons, because inter-literary affinities are not necessarily conditioned by the stage of social development of each context. Cultural Studies, which have been trying to cover aggressively the whole field of studies in the humanities, do not correspond to our efforts either, because they tend to thin out literary specificity into ideological messages (postcolonial, linked to minorities and protest). The proposed approach consists in juxtaposing novels that deal with contemporary issues of the first half of the 20th century all over Europe, including the topic of the Modern City, the Independent Woman, the lack of cognoscibility of the Other – newly emerged themes that correspond to the demographic, psychoanalytic, and philosophical concerns of the time. Novels by Colette, Camil Petrescu, and Yana Yazova, belonging to French, Romanian and Bulgarian literature, respectively, will be used to provide examples in that regard. The unconventional comparison revealed hesitation as a general principle of construction of the three novels. Le concept d’affinité est pensé ici comme susceptible de remplacer la notion périmée d’influence ou une notion plus récente, mais non moins problématique, celle de réception, chacune impliquant l'idée d'une connexion. Le terme affinité rompt le cercle vicieux des contacts directs ou indirects entre littératures. Ce concept est différent de même des comparaisons typologiques, car les affinités inter-littéraires ne sont pas obligatoirement conditionnées par l’étape de développement social de chacun des contextes. Les Etudes culturelles qui essayent de nos jours de couvrir agressivement le domaine des sciences humaines, ne correspondent pas non plus à nos efforts, car ce genre d’études dilue la spécificité littéraire dans des messages idéologiques (postcoloniaux, liés aux minorités et contestataires). L'approche consiste ici à juxtaposer des romans traitant des questions contemporaines de la première moitié du XXe siècle en Europe, y compris le thème de la ville moderne, la femme indépendante, le manque de cognoscibilité de l'Autre, des thèmes nouveaux qui correspondent à des questions démographiques, psychanalytiques et philosophiques de cette époque. Les romans de Colette, Camil Petrescu et Yana Yazova, respectivement de la littérature française, roumaine et bulgare, serviront d'exemples à cet égard. La comparaison non conventionnelle nous a montré l'hésitation comme un principe constructif général des trois romans.Downloads
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